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Fault Code Reference

SPN 3226 FMI 4AftertreatmentMedium

Outlet NOx Sensor - Voltage Low

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Overview

Fault Code

SPN 3226 / FMI 4

Category

Aftertreatment

Severity

Medium

Derate Risk

Sometimes

Regen Inhibit

No

Inducement Risk

No

Component Location: The outlet NOx sensor (SPN 3226) is located downstream of the SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyst in the aftertreatment system. Its exact position varies by platform: On Cummins ISX15/X15 systems — typically mounted in the exhaust outlet pipe after the SCR/DPF/ASC combined aftertreatment module, near the tail end of the aftertreatment housing. On Detroit DD13/DD15/DD16 systems — mounted in the exhaust outlet pipe after the SCR catalyst, toward the rear of the aftertreatment housing, closer to the tailpipe outlet. On PACCAR MX-13 systems — located after the SCR catalyst in the aftertreatment outlet pipe. In all cases, the outlet NOx sensor is the DOWNSTREAM sensor — positioned AFTER the SCR catalyst (not to be confused with the inlet/upstream NOx sensor located before the SCR). On most Class 8 trucks, the aftertreatment system is mounted on the vehicle frame rail or directly on the engine/exhaust outlet, and the sensor will be accessible from the driver side or passenger side depending on chassis configuration. NOTE: The existing component_location entry describing placement '12–18 inches after turbo outlet' is more consistent with an INLET NOx sensor location — the outlet sensor is at the far downstream end of the SCR system. Verify sensor position using OEM service documentation for the specific engine and chassis. Based on: OEM service manual descriptions, aftertreatment system architecture documentation for Cummins, Detroit, and PACCAR platforms.

Common Symptoms

  • Check engine light illuminated. Possible 5 mph derate or 25% torque reduction depending on OEM and fault duration. Stored outlet NOx readings may show 0 ppm or erratic/implausible values. SCR efficiency codes (SPN 4364) may set as secondary faults. Increased DEF consumption possible if ECM compensates based on faulty readings. Ammonia slip or poor NOx conversion complaints from driver.

Root Causes

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Derate Behavior

Power Derate

Sometimes

Mileage / Regen Notes

This fault typically does NOT inhibit active DPF regeneration. The outlet NOx sensor is primarily used for SCR efficiency monitoring, not regen control. However, if the ECM cannot verify SCR performance due to missing outlet NOx data, it may limit DEF dosing which can affect overall aftertreatment operation. Regens should proceed normally, but SCR efficiency cannot be verified during regen events. If paired with other aftertreatment faults, regen inhibit is possible.

System Interactions

SPN 3226 FMI 4 interacts with the following systems and may trigger cascading faults if not resolved promptly.

DPF differential pressure monitoring — soot load calculations affected
SCR NOx conversion efficiency — DEF dosing strategy may be altered
Active regen inhibit logic — regen may be blocked or delayed
Engine protection derate — ECM may reduce power to protect components
TSB Reference: No confirmed universal TSBs — verify in OEM service portal. Cummins: Check for ISB/ISX NOx sensor harness routing bulletins. Detroit: Check for DD13/DD15 aftertreatment harness TSBs. Paccar: Check for MX-13 NOx sensor connector corrosion bulletins. International: Check for A26 aftertreatment wiring service letters. Always search by chassis VIN for latest applicable TSBs.

Common Diagnostic Mistakes

Replacing the sensor without verifying wiring continuity and supply voltage first.

Clearing codes without identifying and resolving the root cause — the fault will return.

Ignoring related active faults — cascading faults often share a root cause.

Skipping the connector inspection — corrosion and damaged pins are a leading cause of sensor faults.

Condemning the ECM before exhausting all wiring and component tests.

Replacing the DPF without verifying the regen system is functional — a failed regen injector will reload the new DPF.

Ignoring DEF quality — contaminated DEF causes SCR efficiency faults that look like hardware failures.

Deep-dive diagnostic page: SPN 3226 FMI 4 — Full FSM Sequence & Repair Steps — includes wiring notes, sensor specs, and gated repair procedures.

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