SPN 1110 FMI 4Engine Protection
Engine Coolant Temperature - Voltage Below Normal or Shorted Low
Scan Tool — in guided session
DVOM Testing — in guided session
Connector Pinout — in guided session
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Overview
Fault Code
SPN 1110 / FMI 4
Category
Engine Protection
Derate Risk
Yes
Regen Inhibit
No
Inducement Risk
No
Component Location: Engine coolant temperature sensor is typically mounted in the engine coolant passage near the thermostat housing or cylinder head.
Common Symptoms
- Check engine light or malfunction indicator lamp illuminated
- Engine runs rich or exhibits cold start fueling behavior continuously
- Poor fuel economy due to enriched fueling
- Engine may fail to reach normal operating temperature display
- Cold weather driveability issues
- White smoke from exhaust due to rich mixture
- Cooling fans may not operate correctly
Root Causes
- Shorted coolant temperature sensor Damaged or chafed wiring harness to coolant sensor Water intrusion in sensor connector Failed ECM coolant temperature sensor circuit Corroded sensor connector terminals
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Derate Behavior
Power Derate
Yes
System Interactions
SPN 1110 FMI 4 interacts with the following systems and may trigger cascading faults if not resolved promptly.
ECM communication — J1939 network faults can affect all connected modules
Engine protection — ECM may trigger derate to prevent damage
Aftertreatment — engine protection derates can affect regen strategy
Common Diagnostic Mistakes
Replacing the sensor without verifying wiring continuity and supply voltage first.
Clearing codes without identifying and resolving the root cause — the fault will return.
Ignoring related active faults — cascading faults often share a root cause.
Skipping the connector inspection — corrosion and damaged pins are a leading cause of sensor faults.
Condemning the ECM before exhausting all wiring and component tests.
Related Faults in This Category
OEM System Resources
ASE Training Resources
Diagnostic Engine v7.0
Related Diagnostic Articles
Deep-dive diagnostic page: SPN 1110 FMI 4 — Full FSM Sequence & Repair Steps — includes wiring notes, sensor specs, and gated repair procedures.
Authority References
Diagnostic procedures on this page are informed by OEM service literature and industry standards.
Cummins QuickServe OnlineOfficial Cummins service manuals, fault code lookup, and TSB database.Detroit Diesel DiagnoCentralDetroit Diesel diagnostic procedures, DDDL documentation, and service literature.PACCAR MX Engine ServicePACCAR MX-11 and MX-13 engine service documentation and DAVIE diagnostic guides.Volvo/Mack Tech ToolVolvo and Mack engine fault code reference and PTT/Tech Tool diagnostic procedures.ASE — Diesel Truck Technician CertificationNational Institute for Automotive Service Excellence — T2 Diesel Engines certification standards.EPA Aftertreatment & Emissions GuidelinesU.S. EPA heavy-duty diesel aftertreatment compliance, DPF/SCR regulations, and NOx standards.
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